Abstracts & Posters
6. BAM-DIN Workshop Image Technology

Monday, December 3rd (9.30-18.15h), 2007
 

Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)

Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Ludwig-Erhard-Saal

Abstracts of all oral and poster presentations

December 3, 2007, BAM, Berlin - authors in alphabetic order
 

 Olaf Druemmer

Is ICC Colour Management Still a Solution for Today’s Colour Problems?

 Prof. Dr.  Bernhard Hill

Color Measurement and Management: from sRGB to opRGB and related colour spaces

Poster

 Stefan Jäger

Application of a multispectral CIELAB camera for the evaluation of automobile coatings

Poster

 Philipp Kittelmann

Experimental results of small and large colour differences and comparison with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB

 Andreas Kraushaar

How ISO Standards of ISO TC 130 affect Graphic Arts Work

 Prof. Dr.  Floris L. van Nes

Activities of ISO/TC 159/SC 4/WG 2, "Visual Display Requirements", in particular the new International Standards on electronic visual displays ISO 9241-300 to -307

 Prof. Dr.  Klaus Richter

Colour Definition and Workflow for relative affin Colour Image Reproduction in Offices

Poster

 Prof. Dr.  Klaus Richter

Data and Definition of Elementary Colour Coordinates rgb* and Application in Image Technology

 Prof. Dr. Janos Schanda

CIE Activities related to Image Technology

 Stephan Scheuer

A new and general compliance standard for different display technologies and contexts of use

 J. Thomas Schmelzer

Image Preparation for Print Output according to Standards of ISO TC 130 and ISO / IEC JTC1 SC28

Poster

 J. Thomas Schmelzer

Colour Output - Tests and results for color separations and color workflows

Poster

 Vikov, M. and Vik, Michal

Colorimetric characterization of color changeable materials

Poster

 Hans Wagenknecht

Colour Management Method from scan to output on printers using a relative CIELAB space

Poster

 Dr. Jens Witt

Linearisation methods for reproduction of CIELab data

 Dietmar Wueller

Color Encoding: more than just an ICC profile

(Adobe RGB and eciRGB as samples for a definition based on ISO 22028-1)

Abstracts

Author: Olaf Druemmer

Is ICC Colour Management Still a Solution for Today’s Colour Problems?

The International Color Consortium (ICC) has been able to establish an impressive and widely used architecture for digitally communicating color. One of the most successful areas for ICC based color handling has been the graphic arts industry. Nevertheless - not to the least as the needs of that industry differ substantially form those in other industries - a number of aspects of faithful color reproduction yet have to be addressed, and there seems to be some reluctance within the ICC to again take a leading role to help the graphic arts industry solve their specific problems.

Of course one may argue that maybe it's not up to the ICC to play this role, and that the graphic arts industry should look elsewhere.

The paper illustrates a number of areas where color handling on the background of the ICC architecture fails to ensure predictable and consistent quality in color reproduction. Areas to be covered are aspects like dealing with black ink, perceived evenness of color conversion, interaction of inks on the printing substrate, or simulation of spot colors as well as their conversion to process color. Besides the more technical aspects of potential shortcomings in the ICC color handling philosophy the paper also puts up the question, whether the ICC’s approach doesn't focus too much on color, thus neglecting or even sacrificing visual quality of information at least in some cases.

Callas Software gmbh
Schoenhauser Allee 6/7, D-10119 Berlin, Germany

Tel. +49 30 44 39 03 10, Fax +49 30 441 64 02

E-Mail: olaf@druemmer.com

http:/www.callassoftware.com

Author: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hill

Color Measurement and Management: from sRGB to opRGB and related colour spaces

The Technical Committee TC 100 as part of the IEC develops standards for audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment. This work is reflected in Germany by the DKE/VDE commission K 742. A project team called PT 61966 was established in 1998 within TC 100 with the aim to investigate standards on colour measurement and management in multimedia systems. An extensive set of standards on default color spaces, on the characterization of all kinds of displays, printers with RGB-input and digital scanners as well as guidelines for the handling and management of colour information in multimedia systems have been created up to now.

The paper presents an overview on standards covering default color spaces. Well known and established worldwide is the standard sRGB. This colour space is based on the three primaries of phosphors of a cathode ray tube. The chromaticity values of the primaries of modern flat TV-screens are close to the primaries of cathode ray tubes and so, the sRGB-standard is still relevant. For other applications in image processing and high dynamic image capture, an additional colors space called scene-oriented scRGB has been standardized. This covers the complete range of surface colors defined by the optimal color space and even provides the possibility of recording colors of spotlights with higher brightness than those defined by the white point of surface colors in a scene. The newest standard of an optional RGB color space opRGB is a modification of sRGB assuming different primaries that comprise a wide gamut color space.

Related to these RGB default color spaces are the definitions of luma and opponent chroma spaces YCC. These spaces are primarily used to encode photographic pictures and they are derived from pre-distorted components of sRGB by a transformation into a luma- and two chroma components describing the opponent colours blue-yellow and red-green. The latest standard on xvYCC encloses all visible surface colors and is thus applicable to any imagecapturing device and colour storage or reproduction in multimedia systems.

University of Aachen, Faculty for Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
Research Group Color Science and Image Processing
Templergraben 55, D-52056 Aachen

Telefon +49 241 8027703 Telefax +49 241 8888198

E-Mail: hill@ite.rwth-aachen.de

Author: Stefan Jäger,

Application of a multispectral CIELAB camera for the evaluation of automobile coatings

Poster

CIELab cameras produce the device independent coordinates LAB* for a whole scene. The proposed system for the automobile industry measures the spectral reflectance at up to 33 wavelengths in the visible range between 400 nm and 720 nm. The CIELAB data is calculated for any pixel of the image. This information can be used to monitor and to control an industrial paint process.

This presentation will give an overview of specific problems of color measurement in the automotive industry and will present measured samples as well as data for the spectral and colorimetric accuracy of the equipment proposed.

see also: Stefan Jaeger, Bildgebendes Multispektralsystem zur Serienfarbmessung an goniochromatischen Oberflächenbeschichtungen in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie, Dissertation, TU Berlin, Fakultät IV, Elektrotechnik und Informatik, see the URL (in German, 142 pages, 8 MByte, PDF format)

http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2006/1405/

Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung - L37
Ferdinand - Sauerbruch - Straße 1, D-56057 Koblenz

Tel.: +49 (0) 261 - 400 - 7730
Fax: +49 (0) 261 - 400 - 7261

eMail: stefan4jaeger@bwb.org

Author: Philipp Kittelmann

Experimental results of small and large colour differences and comparison with CIEDE2000 and CIELab

Poster

With 40 Observers threshold and large colour differences were studied by samples defined in the CIELAB colour space. The validity of the range the colour difference formulas by CIELab and CIEDE2000 is evaluated.

There were three threshold experiment. In the first part the threshold was determined with 98 adjacent colour samples which change in 4 colour directions. The second part is a scaling experiment from threshold to large differences. The last part is a research how the threshold is influenced by the size of the geometric distance between the samples.

The large difference experiment is done with on 9 reference colours which are located in different areas of the CIELab colour space. The CIELab colour data L*, a* and b* were changed separately or in a combination of two or all three. According to the experimental results, the colour difference formula CIELab seems more appropriate for large colour differences (Δ E*ab > 10) and the CIEDE2000 for smaller colour differences (Δ E*00 < 10) but there are large variations.

BAM VIII.1, Measurement and Testing Technology; Sensors
Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany

Tel. +49 30 81 04 35 88; Fax +49 30 81 04 3727

E-Mail: philipp.kittelmann@bam.de

Author: Andreas Kraushaar

How ISO Standards of ISO TC 130 affect Graphic Arts Work

ISO TC 130 (graphic technology) has made tremendous progress in the past years to establish well designed standards for printing and process control. In this talk a summary is given of the business of standardization – the pros and cons. Important standards with respect to the printing industry such as the ISO 2846 and ISO 12647-X will be introduced and briefly explained. We will focus on two fairly new standards: ISO 12646 defining the technology necessary for Softproofing and ISO 12647-7 specifying comprehensive criteria for certifying digital proofing systems. At the end there will be a look forward to where the journey might lead to.

FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e. V., (DE)
Streitfeldstr. 19, D-81673 Muenchen

Telefon +49 89 431 82-335

E-Mail: kraushaar@fogra.org

http://www.fogra.org

Author: Prof. Dr. Floris L. van Nes,

Activities of ISO/TC 159/SC 4/WG 2, "Visual Display Requirements", in particular the new International Standards on electronic visual displays ISO 9241-300 to -307

From cell phone to PC, most IT systems use visual displays as output medium - so their utility depends also on the utility of these displays. That utility is a function of the display properties, which should fulfil essential visual requirements. These requirements, as well as three different methods to measure display properties and to verify whether a particular display complies with the requirements, are specified in a new series of standards from ISO, the International Organization for Standardization. The standards, ISO 9241-300 to 307, will provide knowledge for the manufacturers of displays, the display users, and those that procure the displays for these users. The seven-part standard has the ambition to cover all visual displays and their applications, so that it in principle caters for the needs of all fields, from medicine to telecommunication.

The paper describes the making of this new standard. A number of choices and problems that standard writers have to face are mentioned. In view of the problems it is important to strike a balance between different attitudes, backgrounds and interests in a standards writing committee - as indeed happens in the Working Group ISO/TC 159/SC 4/WG 2.

ErgoNes - Eindhoven University of Technology
Postbus 5 13, NL - 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands

Telefon +31 40247-5233 Telefax +31 40243-1930

E-Mail: f.l.v.nes@tue.nl

Author: Prof. Dr. Klaus Richter,

Colour Definition and Workflow for relative affin Colour Image Reproduction in Offices

In the CIELAB colour space the basic cylindric coordinates are lightness L*, chroma C*ab and hue hab. Within a hue plane all colours of any device are located approximately on a triangle with Black N, White W and the most chromatic (maximum) colour X. The chroma C*ab and the lightness L* of the maximum colour is usually different on any device and similar the lightness difference between White W and Black N.

To avoid any clipping of colour areas in the reproduction on any device the use of the relative coordinates, relative chroma c* and relative blackness n* is appropriate in any given hue plane. With the relative coordinates nch* an affin colour reproduction without any clipping can be realized in any CIELab hue plane (hab = const). Instead of the relative CIELab hue angle h* = hab / 360 the relative elementary hue angle e* is more user friendly. The

elementary hue angle e* has the values 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 for the four elementary hues RJGB.

The hue angle e* and can be calculated in any colour space (for example CIELab, CIELuv, CIECAM02) using the CIE-test colours no. 9 to 12 of CIE 13.3 for any illuminant (for example D65, D50, F2) of CIE 15.

Usually both users and manufactures like to use the full colour gamut of any output device.

The affin relative colour reproductions produce this property without any clipping on the output device. This is the basis for an efficient colour

workflow between the many different devices. Output examples on different devices are shown in the poster session.

BAM VIII.1, Measurement and Testing Technology
Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany

Tel. +49 30 81 04 35 89; Fax +49 30 81 04 1807

E-Mail: klaus.richter@bam.de or klaus.richter@mac.com

http://www.ps.bam.de

Author: Prof. Dr. Klaus Richter,

Data and Definition of Elementary Colour Coordinates rgb* and Application in Image Technology

Poster

The CIE-test colours no. 9 to 12 of CIE 13.3 are used for the definition of the elementary hues Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue (RJGB) . The elementary hues are device independent and have the hue angles hab = 26, 92, 162 and 272 degree in the CIELAB colour space. In image technology the standards up to now use device dependent rgb data.

For example the rgb input data (0, 0, 1) produce on different devices different blue colours with different hue angles.

But many users expect the output of the elementary hue Blue B

with the hue angle hab = 272 on all devices.

For example on the standard CRT monitor the rgb data are interpreted as rgb data of the sRGB colour space. In this case the

rgb input data (0, 0, 1) produce on the standard CRT monitor a reddish blue with the CIELAB hue angle hab = 305 degree and may produce on an LCD monitor a hue angle hab = 272 degree and on an OLED display a hue angle hab = 240 degree. The hue angle difference between CRT and OLED displays (Δ hab = 305-240 = 65 degree) is similar compared to the hue angle difference between elementary Red and Yellow (Δ hab = 92-26 = 66 degree).

ISO TC159/WG2/SC4 “Ergonomics - Visual display requirements” proposes instead of the output of different hues “blue” on different devices the output of elementary Blue (Δ hab = 272) on any device as default (Conclusion 28/2007 of the 53rd meeting of ISO/TC 159/SC 4/WG 2 "Visual Display Requirements" 2007-05-19 to 21 in Long Beach, CA, USA). Therefore the device independent rgb* coordinates are defined which are based on the CIE-test colours no. 9 to 12 of CIE 13.3. For example if the rgb input data (rx, gx, bx) with rx = gx and bx >= rx are interpreted all as elementary blue data all output colours have the elementary hue Blue with the CIELAB hue angle hab = 272 degree.

If additionally the output is linearised according to ISO/IEC TR 19797 then the output is equally spaced in the CIELab colour space.

Many output example on different printers of a start output with different device hues and a linearized output of always the elementary hue Blue are shown.

BAM VIII.1, Measurement and Testing Technology
Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany

Tel. +49 30 81 04 35 88; Fax +49 30 81 04 3727

E-Mail: klaus.richter@bam.de or klaus.richter@mac.com

http://www.ps.bam.de

Author: Prof. Dr. Janos Schanda

CIE Activities related to Image Technology

A short report will be given on the work in progress in TCs and some related other TCs of Division 1 as:

• CIE Division 8: Image Technology:
  Publications by the Division 8:
• A Colour Appearance Model for Colour Management Systems: CIECAM02 by TC8-01 CIE 159:2004
• Chromatic Adaptation Under Mixed Illumination Condition When Comparing Softcopy and Hardcopy Images by TC8-04 CIE 162:2004
• Criteria for the Evaluation of Extended-Gamut Colour Encodings by TC8-05 CIE 168:2005
• Guidelines for the Evaluation of Gamut Mapping Algorithms by TC8-03 CIE 156:2004
• The Effects of Fluorescence in the Characterization of Imaging Media by R8-05 CIE 163:2004
• TCs active in Division 8:
• TC8-02 Colour difference evaluation in images
• TofR (Terms of Reference): To study, develop and standardize methods to derive colour differences for images.
• TC8-07 Multispectral Imaging
• TofR: To study, develop and recommend encoding techniques and data formats for the exchange of multispectral images, and to provide test procedures for the evaluation of multispectral imaging systems
• TC 8-08 Testing of Spatial Colour Appearance Models
• TofR: To design, implement and report the results of a psychophysical test comparing the output of spatial colour appearance models (including Retinex, MOM and iCAM) for high dynamic range still images
• TC 8-09 Archival Colour Imaging
• TofR: To recommend a set of techniques for the accurate capture, encoding and long term preservation of colour descriptions of digital images that are either born digital or the result of digitizing 2D static physical objects including documents, maps, photographic materials and paintings
• TC 8-10 Office Lighting for Imaging
• TofR: To report on the spectral power distribution and illumination levels used to view images in office lighting conditions. The report is to be based on empirical research
• TC8-11 CIECAM02 Mathematics
• TofR: To investigate the improvements of the CIECAM02 model to avoid mathematical inconsistencies
• TC8-12 Video Compression Assessment
• TofR: To establish and report on the display and viewing conditions and materials for video compression quality evaluation in different applications including, but not limited to, web, mobile phones, HDTV, home cinemea and digital cinema

University of Pannonia, Veszprem (HU) and CIE
Nador u. 25, H-1029 Budapest, HU

Telefon +36 1 376 5394 Telefax +36 1 275 8600

E-Mail: schanda@vision.vein.hu

Author: Stephan Scheuer

A new and general compliance standard for different display technologies and contexts of use

Various standardization committees work on the standardization of requirements for display technologies and applications. ISO 9241-307 is a new standard addressing the compliance testing of different display technologies for a wide range of different application.

The transformation of the relevant generic ergonomic and performance requirements like luminance, contrast and colours to application related pass/fail criteria for displays are addressed for stationary and mobile used displays.

Context of use specific tasks like artificial or reality information presentation are considered to examine a display for it's specific needs.

Without the limitation of the scope this standard defines an open framework as an interlink between traditional display performance standards like office display applications and the automotive, video, colour imaging or medical display industry. ISO 9241-307 with its new approach provides a basis for general and specific applications from artificial to video imaging tasks in small, medium or large size display applications or special colour performance tasks as used in softproofing applications or the latest developments in object, graphics and video information presentations in the mobile display devices.

With the new standard display manufacturers, purchasers and display users will get a modern guideline and tool supporting their daily needs in display application specifications.

TÜV Rheinland Group/TÜV Rheinland Product Safety GmbH, Ergonomics & Usability Services
Am grauen Stein 1, D-51105 Koeln

Tel. +49 221 806 1654, Fax +49 221 806 3440

E-Mail: stephan.scheuer@de.tuv.com

http://www.tuv.com./de

Author: J. Thomas Schmelzer

Image Preparation for Print Output according to Standards of ISO TC 130 and ISO / IEC JTC1 SC28

From a user perspective colour output on the screen and in print should not be different or complicated - it should simply work.

Brochures, leaflets and other information are printed in Offset as well as with Colour Laser or InkJet Printers. Often the printed data also have to be prepared for the internet.

The presentation examines different methods to approach good output according to user needs. Technical limitations of image preparation as well as known problems of output methods are shown by applying different test methods.

Test results using preferred or recommended methods for image processing of the respective committees are presented.

SWS Software Support (DE)
Lutherstr. 20, D-73033 Göppingen

Tel: +49 7161 62 25 20; Fax: +49 7161 62 25 25

E-Mail: sws@sd2p.com

http://www.color-security.com

Author: J. Thomas Schmelzer

Colour Output - Tests and results for color separations and color workflows

Poster

ICC profiles offer several Rendering Intents for RGB / CMYK transformations to process digital data for output devices.

A 6 Giga Byte RGB-File made up with 360 ramps, each of them going from white to maximum colour and then to black has been made for testing color separations.

Applying different RGB and CMYK profiles to this file as well as different Rendering Intents leads to different results.

These results are furthermore made up with different methods to make special properties of the tested combination visible.

12 properties per tested combination are offered in the poster.

Comparing the results allows to choose preferred combinations for practical use and shows possibly problematic combinations.

SWS Software Support (DE)
Lutherstr. 20, D-73033 Göppingen

Tel: +49 7161 62 25 20; Fax: +49 7161 62 25 25

E-Mail: sws@sd2p.com

http://www.color-security.com

Authors: Vikov, M. and Vik, Michal

Colorimetric characterization of color changeable materials

Poster

Photochromism is a chemical process in which a compound undergoes a reversible change between two states

having separate absorption spectra, i.e. different color [1].

In our previous work we have published some solutions of problems of measurement photochromic textile sample by

classical spectrophotometer system [2]. Based on this problems is possible to obtain only during reversion decay

process valid data and growth process (exposition) is affected by high variation of data. Following this knowledge we

developed our original measuring system with short time scanning of color change of photochromic samples during

growth and decay period of color change. In our study we prepare new view on the relationship between intensity of

illumination E, color change half-time of exposition and half-time of relaxation respectively. Beside of this one, we

demonstrate differences between photochromic pigments behaviour concerning to spectral sensitivity. First order

exponential functions, which are used in kinetic model calculation, well described the kinetics of color change

intensity of photochromic pigments. They give good fits to the growth curves as well as to the relaxation ones.

Laboratory Color and Appearance Measurement, Faculty of Textile Engineering,
Technical University of Liberec, Hlkova 6, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic

Email: michal.vik@tul.cz

Author: Hans Wagenknecht

Colour Management Method from scan to output on printers using a relative CIELab space

Poster

The Colour Management Method which is presented here uses a three dimensional double cone with a circular base to order colours.

This double cone is similar to the Ostwald and the Natural Colour System (NCS) colour solid and works as a Natural Colour Connection Space (NCCS). It is defined by the colorimetric coordinates tab* (relative triangle lightness t*, red-green relative chroma a*rel and yellow-blue relative chroma b*rel). The Colour Management Modul (CMM) uses the 6 chromatic colours (CMYOLV) and Black and White (NW). The colour names are defined in ISO/IEC 15775.

A linear relationship between the relative device coordinates olv* (colours Orange red O, Leaf green L and Violett blue V ) or the relative device coordinates cmyn* (colours Cyan blue C, Magenta red M, Yellow Y, and Black N) and the coordinates tab* (relative triangle lightness t*, red-green relative chroma a*rel and yellow-blue relative chroma b*rel) is defined. For both, the input scan process and the printout process, a correlation between device dependent CIELAB space data and the coordinates of the NCCS is specified.

Examples from scan to output are shown in the poster.

BAM VIII.1, Measurement and Testing Technology
Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany

Tel. +49 30 81 04 35 88; Fax +49 30 81 04 1807

E-Mail: hans.wagenknecht@bam.de or hans.wagenknecht@gmx.net

Author: Dr. Jens Witt

Linearisation methods for reproduction of CIELab data

Poster

The production of test charts, like the ISO/IEC 15575 test charts, requires methods to reproduce colours which are defined in the device independent CIELab colour space. Corresponding to this requirement this presentation shows methods to transform CIELab data into device dependent colour values (e. g. rgb-values) of an appropriate device which is used for the production of test charts. The methods are based on geometric models. A geometric model uses a set of reference data for a local interpolation, for example a set of device independent CIELab data and corresponding signal values, for the calculation of values between the reference data. Different interpolation methods are used: tri-linear interpolation, cubic spline interpolation,† tetrahedral interpolation in a Delaunay tetrahedrisation and Shepard interpolation.Using a digital image printer the reproduction properties of the different methods were determined. It is shown that CIELab colour data can be reproduced with a colour difference below ΔE*ab = 1.0 which is in the range of the printer reproducibility.

compare: Jens Witt, Farbmetrische Methoden zur Herstellung von Prüfvorlagen für Farbkopierer, Farbscanner und Farbmonitore, Dissertation, TU Berlin, Fakultät IV, Elektrotechnik und Informatik, see the URL (178 pages, 8 MByte, PDF-Format)

http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2006/1363/

BAM VIII.1, Measurement and Testing Technology; Sensors
Unter den Eichen 87, D-12200 Berlin, Germany

Tel. +49 30 81 04 35 88; Fax +49 30 81 04 3727

E-Mail: jens.witt@bam.de

Author: Dietmar Wueller

Color Encoding: more than just an ICC profile

(Adobe RGB and eciRGB as samples for a definition based on ISO 22028-1)

Todays software applications more and more support ICC color management to ensure a "correct" color reproduction. But is the selection of an ICC Profile really sufficient? We have seen different implementations of sRGB in digital cameras and software in the past which lead to varying results. To find out about these variations we have to look at some colorimetry basics.

The typical profile connection spaces (PCS) in ICC profiles are XYZ and CIELAB. The measured and calculated XYZ values and CIELab values depend on the spectral distribution of the light source used. This means that together with the profile the used light source has to be reported which is usually done by reporting the white point in the profile but to be correct a more detailed description is necessary.

The maximum value for L in CIELab is 100 which means the luminance equals that of the white point. Therefore the white luminance needs to be defined. Similar descriptions are needed for the black point and the surrounding conditions and it gets even more difficult if and input device captures the variable contrast of a natural scene under an infinite number of different illuminants.

The talk explains these additions which are required to properly define a color encoding according to the ISO 22028 standard.

Image Engineering Dietmar Wueller
Augustinusstr. 9 d, D-50226 Frechen

Telefon +49 2234 912141 Telefax +49 2234 912142

E-Mail: d.wueller@ivent.de

http://www.image-engineering.de

The workshop is organized by
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) (Visual Methods of Image reproduction)
and the Standards Committees Informationstechnik und Anwendungen" (NIA)
and Ergonomie" (NAErg) of Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. DIN.

The BAM-DIN-Workshop is supported by the following scientific societies and institutions

DFZ Deutsches Farbenzentrum e.V.

DfwG Deutsche farbwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft e.V.

TUB Technische Universität Berlin,
Fachgebiet Lichttechnik in der Fakultät IV